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The gears in the video are about 380 microns across. (about 3 hairs). They are sitting in a pool of common soil bacteria, Bacillus subtilis. The bacteria have a tendency to swim and move about when in the presence of oxygen and nutrients. This swimming creates a random motion. The gears are harnessing that random motion to achieve 'directed motion'. The random movement of particles in a fluid is called Brownian motion. Hence this experiment is a demonstration the translation of Brownian motion into directed motion.